Circular Economy (CE) with the focus on solid waste management is one of the key priorities of the Indonesian - German development cooperation. The project "InCircular: Promoting a Circular Economy in Indonesia" BMZ is supporting the Indonesian Ministry for National Development Planning (Bappenas) to implement the national Circular Economy Roadmap and Action Plan. Three material streams are of particular focus, namely packaging waste (plastics, aluminium, glass, paper, etc.), electronic waste and residual waste to be used as refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The assignment is implemented under InCircular and steered jointly by GIZ and Bappenas. InCircular pursues 5 Outputs (components): 1. Support the steering of the implementation of the CE Roadmap and Action Plan; 2. Enhance regulatory frameworks for CE and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for selected material streams; 3. Strengthen collaboration with industry for the implementation of CE and EPR for selected material streams; 4. Advance CE in waste management in selected provinces and municipalities; and 5. Advance Green/Sustainable Public Procurement for selected goods. This assignment is primarily anchored within Output 2. Indonesia generates approximately 70 million tonnes of municipal solid waste annually, of which an estimated 50-60% is mismanaged. Only 10-15% of plastic waste is recycled; the remainder is disposed of in uncontrolled landfills or leaks into the environment. Waste prevention and circular approaches for valuable materials remain rudimentary. Packaging waste is the most challenging stream. Single-use plastics, multilayer flexibles and PET account for a dominant share of leakage into rivers, coastal zones and the marine environment. To date, no comprehensive legal framework for EPR has been established. However, mandatory EPR for packaging is widely recognised by the GoI, the private sector, and Indonesia's international partners as one central policy instrument to internalise the costs of packa